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This research investigated source waters from softeningplants in Florida, Missouri, Nebraska, SouthDakota, and Texas to evaluate how source water qualityand varying lime doses affected softening, removalof natural organic matter (NOM), and disinfection byproduct(DBP) formation. Most lime softening plantsare likely to be able to meet regulations for removal oforganic carbon and limitations on DBP formation byoperating with lime addition just below the level thatcauses dramatic reduction of the magnesium concentration.This operating condition is optimal because itlimits the amount of sludge that could be created byenhanced softening.For managers of utilities that use precipitative softening,the findings provide insight into the effects ofplant operation on the ability to remove NOM andcontrol DBPs. In addition, the dose normalizationdeveloped for this research will allow utilities to easilycompare their operations with those of other plantshaving different water characteristics. Includes 29 references, tables, figures.

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Edition: Vol. 98 - No. 11 Published: 11/01/2006 Number of Pages: 14File Size: 1 file , 400 KB