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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of fouling on theperformance of ultra-low pressure reverse osmosis (ULPRO) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes during water reuse applications. The studywas funded by the Awwa Research Foundation (#3012) and the West Basin MunicipalWater District. The materials and methods discussion includes: candidate membranes; bench-scale membrane tests; two-stage membrane testing units; TOC and nutrient analysis; trace organic analysis; performance parameters: flux, fouling and adjusted specific flux; pilot scale membrane unit; and, analytical methods used for membrane characterization. Includes 21 references, tables, figures.

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Edition: Vol. - No. Published: 11/01/2006 Number of Pages: 9File Size: 1 file , 350 KB