Full Description

The production of transient low and negative pressures in otherwise pressurized potablewater supply distribution systems creates the opportunity for contaminated water to enter thedistribution system from external environments. This paper documents the occurrence oftransient low and negative pressures in distribution systems as a result of a variety of systemfeatures and operations. Fifteen surge events were observed that resulted in a negative pressure,and most of these were caused by the sudden shutdown of all of the pumps at a pump station dueto either unintentional (e.g., power outages) or intentional (e.g., pump stoppage/startup tests)circumstances. Smaller but still substantial surges were produced by shutdown of pumps whileother pumps remained running, and by other operational events such as flushing, hydrant use,and main breaks. Includes 11 references, tables, figures.

Product Details

Edition: Vol. - No. Published: 06/17/2004 Number of Pages: 18File Size: 1 file , 720 KB