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This paper discusses using hydraulic models for system-specific studies associated withInitial Distribution System Evaluations (IDSEs), which will be required by the US Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA)Stage 2 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rule. The use of calibrated hydraulicmodels is one of two suggested approaches for completing system-specific studies.The paper reviews topics that include: minimum model requirements concerning skeletonization, or level ofdetail; water consumption, including diurnal patterns; and, calibration. Tracer studies arediscussed, as well as the USEPA's recommendation to compare predicted residence timeswith measured disinfectant concentrations.The paper also describes how residence time, source influence zones and mixing zonesare considered when selecting preliminary monitoring sites.

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Edition: Vol. - No. Published: 06/17/2004 Number of Pages: 6File Size: 1 file , 180 KB