Full Description

Presently, two approaches are employed to assess the formation of chlorination disinfection byproducts (DBP) in drinking water: the formation potential (FP) test and the simulated distribution systems (SDS) test. A utility cannot directly use FP test results to evaluate how changes in a given treatment will affect compliance with DBP regulations. To more accurately represent DBP formation in a specific distribution system, utilities can perform simulated distribution systems (SDS) tests, where samples are chlorinated under site-specific conditions of time, temperature, pH, and chlorine dose or residual that reflect those found in the distribution system. This test was initiated by DeMarco and Stevens at the US Environmental Protection Agency for five field investigations in 1978, and the results from SDS tests have been shown to well represent DBP formation found in distribution systems. A limitation of the SDS test is that chlorination conditions vary among distribution systems, complicating DBP formation comparisons between different waters. To facilitate comparisons between DBP formation data generated from different waters, a uniform formation conditions (UFC) test has been developed. The objective of this study was to select chlorination conditions for the UFC test and to perform sensitivity analyses on the impact of each parameter on DBP formation.

Product Details

Published: 01/01/1994 ISBN(s): 0898677742 Number of Pages: 17File Size: 1 file , 500 KB